\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{ctex,siunitx}
\setCJKmainfont{Noto Serif CJK SC}
\usepackage{tkz-euclide}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{circuitikz}
\usetikzlibrary{patterns, calc}
\usetikzlibrary {decorations.pathmorphing, decorations.pathreplacing, decorations.shapes,}
\ctikzset{bipoles/length=1cm}
\begin{document}
\small
\begin{circuitikz}[>=latex, scale=1.0,european]
  % \useasboundingbox(0.9,0)rectangle(5.1,5);
  \draw (0,0)--(6,0);
  \draw (0,3)--(6,3);
  \draw (0,3) to [C=$C_1$, *-*](0,0);
  \draw (2,3) to [C=$C_2$, *-*](2,0);
  \draw (4,3) to [C=$C_3$, *-*](4,0);
  \foreach \x in {1,2,3}
  {
      \node at (2*\x-2-.5,1.7)[above]{$+Q_{\x}$};
      \node at (2*\x-2-.5,1.3)[below]{$-Q_{\x}$};
  }
  \draw (6,3) to [battery] (6,0)   ;     
  \node at (6.7,1.5){$U$};
\end{circuitikz}
\end{document}